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Brown, Max 1956, Australian son: the story of Ned Kelly, Georgian
House, Melbourne.

Jones, Ian 2003, The fatal friendship: Ned Kelly, Aaron Sherrit & Joe
Byrne
, Lothian Books, South Melbourne.

Clark, Manning 1963–87, A History of Australia, vol. 4, Melbourne
University Press, Melbourne.

Nixon, Allan M 1982, 100 Australian Bushrangers, 1789–1901, Rigby,
Adelaide.

Wilkinson, Carole 2002, Black Snake: the daring of Ned Kelly, Black
Dog Books, Fitzroy.

Ned Kelly’s World website at
http://www.nedkellysworld.com.au/history/jerilder.htm

Ned Kelly: Iron Outlaw website at http://www.ironoutlaw.com

State Library of Victoria website at
http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/slv/exhibitions/treasures/nedkelly/

Acknowledgements X

Please refer to Conditions of use.

The photograph of ‘Ned Kelly the day before he was hanged, 1880’ by
Charles Nettleton has been reproduced by kind permission of the
Pictures Collection, State Library of Victoria.

I'm Patrick Brennan,
reporter for the Victoria
Weekly
. It's been one year
since the outlaw Ned Kelly
was hanged. The editor
wants an article written
about him, so I'll need to
start researching the story.
In the 1800s, bandits on the run from the law
often fled to the outback or rural towns. These
outlaws were known as bushrangers, and they
made a living by stealing. Many bushrangers
terrorised people with their violent methods,
but a few won popular respect by robbing from
the rich and protecting the poor.
Ned kelly - A brief history
Select to learn about
Ned Kelly's life and death.
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Please refer to Conditions of use.

The wood engravings of Encounter with Bushrangers at Bendemeer,
near Tamworth, NSW
and Kelly in the Dock – A Sketch From Life
(detail) have been reproduced by kind permission of the Pictures
Collection, State Library of Victoria.

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Acknowledgements X

Please refer to Conditions of use.

The photograph of ‘Ned Kelly the day before he was hanged, 1880’ by
Charles Nettleton; the wood engraving of The Black Tracker; the
photograph of Ned Kelly taken by the police photographer at Pentridge,
24 January, 1874; the photograph of a warrant to apprehend Ned Kelly
dated 25 January 1876, MS 10775, Australian Manuscripts Collection;
the photograph of Dan Kelly by James E Bray; the wood engraving of
The Outlaws at Bay, 3 July 1880; the photograph of ‘A valuable
momento [ie memento] of the bush ranging days is this bill offering 8000
pounds reward for the ... Kelly Gang’ (detail); the photograph of a group
of police, 1880; the wood engraving of The Kelly Trial – Scene in Court;
the photograph of the death mask of Ned Kelly; have been reproduced
by kind permission of the Pictures Collection, State Library of Victoria.

We are grateful for the permission to reproduce the following text:

Extract from page 325 of A History of Australia, vol. 4 (1978) by
Manning Clark, published by Melbourne University Press, 1963–87,
Melbourne.

Ned Kelly was Australia's most
famous bushranger. This
photo of Ned at the age of 25
was taken on 10 November
1880, the day before he was
hanged.
Ned Kelly was born into a very
poor family in country
Victoria in 1855. Ned's father,
John 'Red' Kelly, had been a
convict, sent to Australia from
Ireland for stealing two pigs.
Ned was one of eight children.
When he was twelve years old
his father died, and as the
oldest son, Ned had to become
the family's breadwinner.
In colonial Australia, the
system for dividing areas of
land for farming favoured
settlers with money. Poor
settlers (including ex-
convicts) usually ended up
with the poorest-quality land.
Some poor settlers felt so
victimised by the system of
land allocation that they chose
to become outlaws, joining the
gangs of bushrangers such as
Harry Powers and Mad Dog
Morgan.
Other small landholders took
to stealing just to survive –
usually taking stock such as
cattle, sheep or horses. This
brought them into frequent
conflict with the law. At the
age of 16, Ned Kelly was
arrested for horse–stealing,
though he denied ever
commiting the crime and
claimed he was innocent.
Ned Kelly at age 19
Being imprisoned for a crime
he denied put Ned Kelly and
his family into conflict with
the authorities, especially the
police, and possibly
encouraged Ned to choose the
life of an outlaw. In country
Victoria, the Kelly family soon
became known as notorious
cattle and horse thieves. Ned
served numerous periods in
jail, including an eight-month
sentence in 1870 and a three-
year sentence from 1871–74.
This warrant to arrest Ned
Kelly for horse–stealing was
issued in Glenmore, Victoria
on 26 January 1876.
After one clash with police in
1878, Ned's brother Dan
slightly wounded a police
constable, and Ned's mother
Ellen was arrested and jailed
for three years for aiding an
attempted murder. Ned and
Dan were outraged about their
mother's arrest. They fled with
two mates (Joe Byrne and
Steve Hart) and became the
Kelly Gang.
Dan Kelly, aged about 16
This picture shows a shootout
between police and
bushrangers. The Kelly Gang
was involved in a number of
bank robberies and shootouts
with the police. In October
1878, Sgt Michael Kennedy
and Constables Lonigan,
Scanlon and McIntyre set out
to capture Ned and his gang.
At a shootout at Stringy Bark
Creek, Kennedy, Lonigan and
Scanlon were shot dead.
Reaction to the killings varied
dramatically. Police, wealthy
landowners and the media
viewed the Kelly Gang as
ruthless killers, and a reward
price was put on the head of
each member. But out in the
bush, many ordinary people
saw them as heroes for
battling with the
establishment.
The Victorian police were
desperate to capture Ned
Kelly. They recruited large
numbers of new police
troopers (like those in the
photo) and offered big
rewards. But many people
were sympathetic to Kelly's
cause and protected his gang.
The Kelly Gang's final clash
with authority took place at
Glenrowan. Ned was shot and
captured, and others in the
gang were killed. Ned was sent
to trial in Melbourne.
Although he was a man with
no formal education, he
argued his case well, and
opinions about him remained
divided. But in the end he was
found guilty.
This 'death mask' was made
from a wax impression of
Ned's face, taken after he was
hanged.
'Kelly was a wild ass of a man,
snarling, roaring and frothing
like a ferocious beast ... [at]
war on property and on all the
props of bourgeois civilisation
– the police, the bankers, the
squatters, the teachers, the
preachers, the railway and the
electric telegraph.' (Clark,
vol.4, 1978)
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The photograph of ‘The Kelly’s [sic] armour’ (detail) has been
reproduced by kind permission of the Pictures Collection, State Library
of Victoria.

Patrick, our readers want
to know about the real Ned Kelly.
Cut through the myth and give us
your point of view. Was he a hero, a
villain, or something in between?
Acknowledgements X

Please refer to Conditions of use.

The images of cartoon figures from The Inked-In Image: a Social and
Historical Survey of Australian Comic Art
by Vane Lindesay, published
by Hutchinson, Richmond, Victoria, 1979, have been reproduced by
kind permission of Vane Lindesay, and may be used for non-
commercial educational purposes only.

Help Patrick Brennan write a newspaper article about Ned Kelly. First you will
need to interview at least four people to help you decide if Ned Kelly was a hero,
a villain or perhaps a bit of both. Select a person above to conduct an interview.
CARLISLE
Trial observer
FORTESCUE
Police trooper
from Melbourne
WARDEN FORBES
Warden at Melbourne Gaol
O'GRADY
Hostage at the Kelly Gang's
last stand at Glenrowan

FRIENDS

ENEMIES

KELLY

You need to interview at least four
witnesses.
OK
You need to interview at least four
witnesses.
OK
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Please refer to Conditions of use.

The photograph of ‘Ned Kelly the day before he was hanged, 1880’ by
Charles Nettleton has been reproduced by kind permission of
the Pictures Collection, State Library of Victoria.

Now it's time to write the article.
The editor has left some
instructions ... reckons they'll
make our job easier.
Instructions Ned Kelly - The Man Behind the Myth Length of article: approximately 150 words
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Story by Patrick Brennan and

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He remained very calm
throughout the trial
and spoke so eloquently
for a bushranger,
I couldn't believe it.
Trial observer
[Fictional character]
CARLISLE
Acknowledgements X

Please refer to Conditions of use.

The wood engravings of The Beechworth Police Court During the Kelly
Trial and Kelly in the Dock – A Sketch From Life (detail), and the
photograph of Sir Redmond Barry, have been reproduced by kind
permission of the Pictures Collection, State Library of Victoria.

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for your article, select Save.

The Beechworth police court during the Kelly trial

Kelly was a strong man and, though he had been shot during his capture, in a few weeks he had recovered enough to go to court. He was taken to Beechworth, where his trial began in August 1880. He was charged with the murder of the two constables at Stringy Bark Creek.

Kelly in the dock

Many documents from the time state that Kelly argued his case so well that he was often more convincing than the judge.

This is Judge Redmond Barry.

During his trial, Kelly argued points of law with the judge. On the last day of his trial, when Kelly was sentenced to death, he told the judge that he would 'see him soon'. The judge died within two weeks.

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RESEARCH INTERVIEW
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Add to Background? Don't you think this statement makes Kelly out to be a hero? Are you sure you want to place this statement in the Background section of your notepad?
Yes No
Are you sure? Mrs Carlisle seemed very impressed with
Ned when she attended his trial. Do you want
to include any of her statements?
Yes No
The man was no
superman, he was a
thief and a murderer.
FORTESCUE
Police trooper
from Melbourne
[Fictional character]
Acknowledgements X

Please refer to Conditions of use.

The watercolour of Troopers after Bushrangers by S T Gill and the
wood engraving of A Strange Apparition – Ned Kelly’s Fight and
Capture, have been reproduced by kind permission of the Pictures
Collection, State Library of Victoria.

To save this image to the notepad
for your article, select Save.
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for your article, select Save.

The police hired Aboriginal trackers from Queensland to track Kelly down.

Kelly was finally captured at Glenrowan in 1880, wearing armour he had made to protect himself from bullets.

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Yes No
Are you sure? Sergeant Fortescue was at Glenrowan when
Ned Kelly was shot and then arrested. He
thought Kelly was a coward. Do you want to
include any of his statements?
Yes No
All this chaos and anarchy
going on outside, yet Kelly
was the opposite - so calm.
WARDEN FORBES
Warden at Melbourne Gaol
[Fictional character]
Acknowledgements X

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The wood engravings of Examination and Remand of Kelly in
Melbourne Gaol and Last Scene of the Kelly Drama: the Criminal on the
Scaffold have been reproduced by kind permission of the Pictures
Collection, State Library of Victoria.

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for your article, select Save.
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for your article, select Save.

Kelly was held in Melbourne Gaol, where police guarded him closely. Despite the agitation for his release by the poor and downtrodden, the date for Kelly's execution was set for November 1880.

Kelly calmly accepted his fate as he was led to be hanged. With his deep distrust of the legal system, he had expected this outcome.

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Yes No
Are you sure? Warden Forbes mentions how Ned Kelly's
hanging was a very controversial subject at
the time. He seemed impressed by Ned. Do
you want to include any of his statements?
Yes No
He was loved by all of
us up here. He stood
up for the Irish, and he
stamped on those who
would do us wrong.
O'GRADY
Hostage at the Kelly Gang's
last stand at Glenrowan
[Fictional character]
Acknowledgements X

Please refer to Conditions of use.

The wood engraving of The Dance at the Glenrowan Inn Before the
Fight, the photograph of ‘The Kelly’s [sic] armour’; the wood engraving
of The Capture of Ned Kelly and the photograph of the ‘Ruins of the
Jones’s Hotel after the fire’ have been reproduced by kind permission of
the Pictures Collection, State Library of Victoria.

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for your article, select Save.
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In July 1880, the Kelly Gang arrived in Glenrowan with the troopers hot on their trail. The gang took the townspeople hostage to try to win their demands. The night before the police arrived, they kept their hostages entertained with dancing, singing and games.

To protect themselves during shootouts, the Kelly Gang made armour from pieces of ploughs and other bits of metal. However, despite his armour, Kelly was wounded when the police arrived in Glenrowan and opened fire on the hotel. He managed to slip away from the site, but two of the other gang members were still inside.

Kelly tried to return to the hotel to help the other gang members fight off the police, but a series of gunshots to Kelly's unprotected legs brought him down. His vision was almost totally obscured by his helmet. He was immediately arrested by the police.

The police, unable to flush the last two gang members out of the hotel, decided to smoke them out instead. The hotel caught on fire, trapping the men inside. Their bodies were recovered later.

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Yes No
Are you sure? Rosie O'Grady was at the siege of
Glenrowan. She thought Ned was a real
hero, and a lot of people in Victoria agreed
with her. Do you want to include any of her
statements?
Yes No
Ned Kelly was a
victim of a vicious
system. He was
hounded into crime.
K LLY E
Brother of Ned Kelly
Acknowledgements X

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The photographs of Kate Kelly, sister of Ned and Dan Kelly; Beaufort
mud stone and sapling hut, Raglan Road, J T Collins Collection, have
been reproduced by kind permission of the Pictures Collection, State
Library of Victoria.

Disclaimer X

Users should be aware that the text in the speech bubbles and
interviews for Mr Living, Constable McIntyre and James Kelly are not a
record of their actual words.

These texts are based on historical sources and are presented as an
interpretation of the attitudes and opinions of the historical figures.

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for your article, select Save.
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In 1878, Constable Fitzpatrick visited the Kellys and made a pass at Ned's sister, Kate (pictured here). A scuffle broke out. Fitzpatrick claimed that Ned shot him, and that Ned's mother was an accomplice. She was arrested and sentenced to three years in jail, and a warrant was issued for Kelly's arrest. He went on the run with his brother Dan and their friends Steve Hart and Joe Byrne, forming the Kelly Gang.

According to James Kelly, the police never left Ned alone long enough to make a go of the small farm. They were 'selectors' – poor people that were allowed to slowly pay off land set aside by the government. The land was usually of poor quality and too small to be of much use, so life was often hard. On the other hand, squatters were generally wealthy, living on prime land.

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Yes No
Are you sure? James Kelly grew up with Ned. Even though
he might be biased, he knew Ned better than
most. Do you want to include any of his
statements?
Yes No
Kelly had so much to
say for himself - and
using mighty colourful
language, too!
LIVING
Recieved Kelly's
letter of self-defence
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We are grateful for the permission to reproduce the following text:

Extracts and the full transcript of the Jerilderie Letter by Ned Kelly, MS
13361, La Trobe Australian Manuscripts Collection, State Library of
Australia.

Disclaimer X

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interviews for Mr Living, Constable McIntyre and James Kelly are not a
record of their actual words.

These texts are based on historical sources and are presented as an
interpretation of the attitudes and opinions of the historical figures.

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This is the letter of self-defence that Ned Kelly wrote from Jerilderie, intending to have copies made and distributed to plead his case as an innocent man.

This is the letter of self-defence that Ned Kelly wrote from Jerilderie, intending to have copies made and distributed to plead his case as an innocent man.

Dear Sir,
I wish to acquaint you with some of the occurrences of the present past and future ... the ground was that rotten it would bog a duck in places so Mr. Gould had abandon his waggon for fear of loosing his horses in spewy ground ... my fist came in collision with McCormack's nose ... I used to trip him and let him take a mouth ful of dust now and again as he was as helpless as a big guano after leaving a dead bullock or a horse ... I would have scattered their blood and brains like rain I would manure the Eleven mile with their bloated carcasses ... those men certainly made my blood boil ...

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Transcription of Ned Kelly's Jerilderie Letter Covering note on letterhead bearing the address "Wareena" Wangaratta:
This is the document given to me by Ned Kelly when the Bank at Jerilderie was stuck-up in Feby 1879.

Dear Sir
I wish to acquaint you with some of the occurrences of the present past and future. In or about the spring of 1870 the ground was very soft a hawker named Mr Gould got his waggon bogged between Greta and my mother's house on the eleven mile creek, the ground was that rotten it would bog a duck in places so Mr. Gould had abandon his waggon for fear of loosing his horses in the spewy ground. he was stopping at my Mother's awaiting finer or dryer weather Mr. McCormack and his wife. hawkers also were camped in Greta the mosquitoes were very bad which they generally are in a wet spring and to help them Mr. Johns had a horse called Ruita Cruta although a gelding was as clever as old Wombat or any other Stallion at running horses away and taking them on his beat which was from Greta swamp to the seven mile creek consequently he enticed McCormack's horse away from Greta. Mr. Gould was up early feeding his horses heard a bell and seen McCormack horses for he knew the horse well he sent his boy to take him back to Greta. When McCormack's got the horse they came straight out to Goold and accused him of working the horse; this was false, and Goold was amazed at the idea I could not help laughing to hear Mrs. McCormack accusing him of using the horse after him being so kind as to send his boy to take him from the Ruta Cruta and take him back to them. I pleaded Goulds innocence and Mrs McCormack turned on me and accused me of bringing the horse from Greta to Goolds waggon to pull him out of the bog I did not say much to the woman as my Mother was present but that same day me and my uncle was cutting calves Gould wrapped up a note and a pair of the calves testicles and gave them to me to give them to Mrs McCormack. I did not see her and I gave the parcel to a boy to give to her when she would come instead of giving it to her he gave it to her husband consequently McCormack said he would summons me I told him neither me or Gould used their horse. he said I was a liar & he could welt me or any of my breed I was about 14 years of age but accepted the challenge and dismounting when Mrs McCormack struck my horse in the flank with a bullock's shin it jumped forward and my fist came in collision with McCormack's nose and caused him to loose his equillibrium and fall postrate I tied up my horse to finish the battle but McCormack got up and ran to the Police camp. Constable Hall asked me what the row was about I told him they accused me and Gould of using their horse and I hit him and I would do the same to him if he challenged me McCormack pulled me and swore their lies against me I was sentenced to three months for hitting him and three months for the parcel and bound to keep the peace for 12 months. Mrs McCormack gave good substantial evidence as she is well acquainted with that place called Tasmania better known as the Dervon or Vandiemans land and McCormack being a Police man over the convicts and women being scarce released her from that land of bondage and tyranny, and they came to Victoria and are at present residents of Greta and on the 29th of March I was released from prison and came home Wild Wright came to the Eleven Mile to see Mr Gunn stopped all night and lost his mare both him and me looked all day for her and could not get her Wright who was a stranger to me was in a hurry to get back to Mansfield and I gave him another mare and he told me if I found his mare to keep her until he brought mine back I was going to Wangaratta and seen the mare and I caught her and took her with me all the Police and Detective Berrill seen her as Martains girls used to ride her about the town during several days that I stopped at Petre Martains Star Hotel in Wangaratta. She was a chestnut mare white face docked tail very remarkable branded (M) as plain as the hands on a town clock. the property of a Telegraph Master in Mansfield he lost her on the 6th gazetted her on the 12th of March and I was a prisoner in Beechworth Gaol until the 29 of March therefore I could not have Stole the mare. I was riding the mare through Greta Constable Hall came to me and said he wanted me to sign some papers that I did not sign at Beechworth concerning my bail bonds I thought it was the truth he said the papers was at the Barracks and I had no idea he wanted to arrest me or I would have quietly rode away instead of going to the Barracks. I was getting off when Hall caught hold of me and thought to throw me but made a mistake and came on the broad of his back himself in the dust the mare galloped away and instead of me putting my foot on Halls neck and taking his revolver and putting him in the lock up. I tried to catch the mare. Hall got up and snapped three or four caps at me and would have shot me but the colts patent refused. This is well known in Greta Hall never told me he wanted to arrest me until after he tried to shoot me when I heard the caps snapping I stood until Hall came close he had me covered and was shaking with fear and I knew he would pull the trigger before he would be game to put his hand on me so I duped, and jumped at him caught the revolver with one hand and Hall by the collar with the other. I dare not strike him or my sureties would loose the bond money I used to trip him and let him take a mouth ful of dust now and again as he was as helpless as a big guano after leaving a dead bullock or a horse. I kept throwing him in the dust until I got him across the street the very spot where Mrs O'Briens Hotel stands now the cellar was just dug then there was some brush fencing where the post and rail was taking down and on this I threw big cowardly Hall on his belly I straddled him and rooted both spurs onto his thighs he roared like a big calf attacked by dogs and shifted several yards of the fence I got his hands at the back of his neck and trid to make him let the revolver go but he stuck to it like grim death to a dead volunteer he called for assistance to a man named Cohen and Barnett, Lewis, Thompson, Jewitt two blacksmiths who was looking on I dare not strike any of there as I was bound to keep the peace or I could have spread those curs like dung in a paddock they got ropes tied my hands and feet and Hall beat me over the head with his six chambered colts revolver nine stitches were put in some of the cuts by Dr Hastings And when Wild Wright and my mother came they could trace us across the street by the blood in the dust and which spoiled the lustre of the paint on the gate-post of the Barracks Hall sent for more Police and Doctor Hastings Next morning I was handcuffed a rope tied from them to my legs and to the seat of the cart and taken to Wangaratta Hall was frightened I would throw him out of the cart so he tied me whilst Constable Arthur laughed at his cowardice for it was he who escorted me and Hall to Wangaratta. I was tried and committed as Hall swore I claimed the mare the Doctor died or he would have proved Hall a perjurer Hall has been tried several times for perjury but got clear as this is no crime in the Police force it is a credit to a Policeman to convict an innocent man but any muff can pot a guilty one Halls character is well known about El Dorado and Snowy Creek and Hall was considerably in debt to Mr L. O.Brien and he was going to leave Greta Mr O.Brien seen no other chance of getting his money so there was a subscription collected for Hall and with the aid of this money he got James Murdock who was recently hung in Wagga Wagga to give false evidence against me but I was acquitted on the charge of horsestealing and on Halls and Murdocks evidence I was found guilty of receiving and got 3 years experience in Beechworth Pentridges dungeons. this is the only charge ever proved against me Therefore I can say I never was convicted of horse or cattle stealing My Brother Dan was never charged with assaulting a woman but he was sentenced to three months without the option of a fine and one month and two pounds fine for damaging property by Mr. Butler P.M. a sentence that there is no law to uphold therefore the Minister of Justice neglected his duty in that case, but there never was such a thing as Justice in the English laws but any amount of injustice to be had. Out of over thirty head of the very best horses the land could produce I could only find one when I got my liberty. Constable Flood stole and sold the most of them to the navvies on the railway line one bay cob he stole and sold four different times the line was completed and the men all gone when I came out and Flood was shifted to Oxley. he carried on the same game there all the stray horses that was any time without an owner and not in the Police Gazette Flood used to claim He was doing a good trade at Oxley until Mr Brown of the Laceby Station got him shifted as he was always running his horses about. Flood is different to Sergeant Steel, Strachan, Hall and the most of Police a they have got to hire cads and if they fail the Police are quite helpless. But Flood can make a cheque single-handed he is the greatest horsestealer with the exception of myself and George King I know of. I never worked on a farm a horse and saddle was never traced to me after leaving employment since February 1873 I worked as a faller at Mr J. Saunders and R Rules sawmills then for Heach and Dockendorf I never worked for less than two pound ten a week since I left Pentridge and in 1875 or 1876 I was overseer for Saunders and Rule. Bourke's water-holes sawmills in Victoria since then I was on the King River, during my stay there I ran in a wild bull which I gave to Lydicher a farmer he sold him to Carr a Publican and Butcher who killed him for beef, sometime afterwards I was blamed for stealing this bull from James Whitty Boggy Creek I asked Whitty Oxley racecourse why he blamed me for stealing his bull he said he had found his bull and never blamed me but his son-in-law Farrell told him he heard I sold the bull to Carr not long afterwards I heard again I was blamed for stealing a mob of calves from Whitty and Farrell which I knew nothing about. I began to think they wanted me to give them something to talk about. Therefore I started wholesale and retail horse and cattle dealing Whitty and Burns not being satisfied with all the picked land on the Boggy Creek and King River and the run of their stock on the certificate ground free and no one interfering with them paid heavy rent to the banks for all the open ground so as a poor man could keep no stock, and impounded every beast they could get, even off Government roads. If a poor man happened to leave his horse or bit of a poddy calf outside his paddock they would be impounded. I have known over 60 head of horses impounded in one day by Whitty and Burns all belonging to poor farmers they would have to leave their ploughing or harvest or other employment to go to Oxley. When they would get there perhaps not have money enough to release them and have to give a bill of sale or borrow the money which is no easy matter. And along with this sort of work, Farrell the Policeman stole a horse from George King and had him in Whitty and Farrells Paddocks until he left the force. And all this was the cause of me and my step-father George King taking their horses and selling them to Baumgarten and Kennedy. the pick of them was taken to a good market and the culls were kept in Petersons paddock and their brands altered by me two was sold to Kennedy and the rest to Baumgarten who were strangers to me and I believe honest men. They paid me full value for the horses and could not have known they were stolen. no person had anything to do with the stealing and selling of the horses but me and George King. William Cooke who was convicted for Whittys horses was innocent he was not in my company at Petersons. But it is not the place of the Police to convict guilty men as it is by them they get their living had the right parties been convicted it would have been a bad job for the Police as Berry would have sacked a great many of them only I came to their aid and kept them in their bilits and good employment and got them double pay and yet the ungrateful articles convicted my mother and an infant my brother-in-law and another man who was innocent and still annoy my brothers and sisters and the ignorant unicorns even threaten to shoot myself But as soon as I am dead they will be heels up in the muroo. there will be no more police required they will be sacked and supplanted by soldiers on low pay in the towns and special constables made of some of the farmers to make up for this double pay and expence. It will pay Government to give those people who are suffering innocence, justice and liberty. if not I will be compelled to show some colonial stratagem which will open the eyes of not only the Victoria Police and inhabitants but also the whole British army and now doubt they will acknowledge their hounds were barking at the wrong stump. And that Fitzpatrick will be the cause of greater slaughter to the Union Jack than Saint Patrick was to the snakes and toads in Ireland. The Queen of England was as guilty as Baumgarten and Kennedy Williamson and Skillion of what they were convicted for When the horses were found on the Murray River I wrote a letter to Mr Swanhill of Lake Rowan to acquaint the Auctioneer and to advertize my horses for sale. I brought some of them to that place but did not sell I sold some of them in Benalla Melbourne and other places and left the colony and became a rambling gambler soon after I left there was a warrant for me and the Police searched the place and watched night and day for two or three weeks and when they could not snare me they got a warrant against my brother Dan And on the 15 of April Fitzpatrick came to the Eleven Mile Creek to arrest him he had some conversation with a horse dealer whom he swore was William Skillion this man was not called in Beechworth, besides several other Witnesses, who alone could have proved Fitzpatricks falsehood after leaving this man he went to the house asked was Dan in Dan came out. I hear previous to this Fitzpatrick had some conversation with Williamson on the hill. he asked Dan to come to Greta with him as he had a warrant for him for stealing Whitty's horses Dan said all right they both went inside Dan was having something to eat his mother asked Fitzpatrick what he wanted Dan for. the trooper said he had a warrant for him Dan then asked him to produce it he said it was only a telegram sent from Chiltren but Sergeant Whelan ordered him to releive Steel at Greta and call and arrest Dan and take him into Wangaratta next morning and get him remanded Dans mother said Dan need not go without a warrant unless he liked and that the trooper had no business on her premises without some Authority besides his own word The trooper pulled out his revolver and said he would blow her brains out if she interfered. in the arrest she told him it was a good job for him Ned was not there or he would ram the revolver down his throat Dan looked out and said Ned is coming now, the trooper being off his guard looked out and when Dan got his attention drawn he dropped the knife and fork which showed he had no murderous intent and slapped heenans hug on him took his revolver and kept him there until Skillion and Ryan came with horses which Dan sold that night. The trooper left and invented some scheme to say that he got shot which any man can see is false, he told Dan to clear out that Sergeant Steel and Detective Brown and Strachan would be there before morning Strachan had been over the Murray trying to get up a case against him and they would convict him if they caught him as the stock society offored an enticement for witnesses to swear anything and the germans over the Murray would swear to the wrong man as well as the right. Next day Williamson and my mother was arrested and Skillion the day after who was not there at all at the time of the row which can be proved by 8 or 9 witnesses And the Police got great credit and praise in the papers for arresting the mother of 12 children one an infant on her breast and those two quiet hard working innocent men who would not know the difference a revolver and a saucepan handle and kept them six months awaiting trial and then convicted them on the evidence of the meanest article that ever the sun shone on it seems that the jury was well chosen by the Police as there was a discharged Sergeant amongst them which is contrary to law they thought it impossible for a Policeman to swear a lie but I can assure them it is by that means and hiring cads they get promoted I have heard from a trooper that he never knew Fitzpatrick to be one night sober and that he sold his sister to a chinaman but he looks a young strapping rather genteel more fit to be a starcher to a laundress than a Policeman. For to a keen observer he has the wrong appearance or a manly heart the deceit and cowardice is too plain to be seen in the puny cabbage hearted looking face. I heard nothing of this transaction until very close on the trial I being then over 400 miles from Greta when I heard I was outlawed and a hundred pound reward for me for shooting at a trooper in Victoria and a hundred pound for any man that could prove a conviction of horse-stealing against me so I came back to Victoria knew I would get no justice if I gave myself up I enquired after my brother Dan and found him digging on Bullock Creek heard how the Police used to be blowing that they would not ask me to stand they would shoot me first and then cry surrender and how they used to rush into the house upset all the milk dishes break tins of eggs empty the flour out of the bags on to the ground and even the meat out of the cask and destroy all the provisions and shove the girls in front of them into the rooms like dogs so as if anyone was there they would shoot the girls first but they knew well I was not there or I would have scattered their blood and brains like rain I would manure the Eleven mile with their bloated carcasses and yet remember there is not one drop of murderous blood in my Veins Superintendent Smith used to say to my sisters, see all the men I have out today I will have as many more tomorrow and we will blow him into pieces as small as paper that is in our guns Detective Ward and Constable Hayes took out their revolvers and threatened to shoot the girls and children in Mrs Skillions absence the greatest ruffians and murderers no matter how deprived would not be guilty of such a cowardly action, and this sort of cruelty and disgraceful and cowardly conduct to my brothers and sisters who had no protection coupled with the conviction of my mother and those men certainly made my blood boil as I dont think there is a man born could have the patience to suffer it as long as I did or ever allow his blood to get cold while such insults as these were unavenged and yet in every paper that is printed I am called the blackest and coldest blooded murderer ever on record But if I hear any more of it I will not exactly show them what cold blooded murder is but wholesale and retail slaughter something different to shooting three troopers in self defence and robbing a bank. I would have been rather hot-blooded to throw down my rifle and let them shoot me and my innocent brother, they were not satisfied with frightening my sisters night and day and destroying their provisions and lagging my mother and infant and those innocent men but should follow me and my brother into the wilds where he had been quietly digging neither molesting or interfering with anyone he was making good wages as the creek is very rich within half a mile from where I shot Kennedy. I was not there long and on the 25 of October I came on Police tracks between Table top and the bogs. I crossed them and returning in the evening I came on a different lot of tracks making for the shingle hut I went to our camp and told my brother and his two mates me and my brother went and found their camp at the shingle hut about a mile from my brothers house saw they carried long firearms and we knew our doom was sealed if we could not beat those before the others would come As I knew the other party of Police would soon join them and if they came on us at our camp they would shoot us down like dogs at our work as we had only two guns. we thought it best to try and bail those up take their firearms and ammunition and horses and we could stand a chance with the rest We approached the spring as close as we could get to the camp as the intervening space being clear ground and no battery We saw two men at the logs they got up and one took a double barreled fowling-piece and fetched a horse down and hobbled him at the tent we thought there were more men in the tent asleep those being on sentry we could have shot those two men without speaking but not wishing to take their lives we waited McIntyre laid the gun against a stump and Lonigan sat on the log I advanced, my brother Dan keepin McIntyre covered which he took to be constable Flood and had he not obeyed my orders, or attempted to reach for the gun or draw his revolver he would have been shot dead but when I called on them to throw up their hands McIntyre obeyed and Lonigan ran some six or seven yards to a battery of logs insted of dropping behind the one he was sitting on, he had just got to the logs and put his head up to take aim when I shot him that instant or he would have shot me as I took him to be Strachan the man who said he would not ask me to stand he would shoot me first like a dog. But it happened to be Lonigan the man who in company with Sergeant Whelan Fitzpatrick and King the Boot maker and constable O.Day that tried to put a pair of hand-cuffs on me in Benalla but could not and had to allow McInnis the miller to put them on, previous to Fitzpatrick swearing he was shot, I was fined two pounds for hitting Fitzpatrick and two pounds for not allowing five curs like Sergeant Whelan O.Day Fitzpatrick King and Lonigan who caught me by the privates and would have sent me to Kingdom come only I was not ready and he is the man that blowed before he left Violet Town if Ned Kelly was to be shot he was the man would shoot him and no doubt he would shoot me even if I threw up my arms and laid down as he knew four of them could not arrest me single-handed not to talk of the rest of my mates, also either me or him would have to die, this he knew well therefore he had a right to keep out of my road, Fitzpatrick is the only one I hit out of the five in Benalla this shows my feeling towards him as he said we were good friends & even swore it but he was the biggest enemy I had in the country with the exception of Lonigan and he can be thankful I was not there when he took a revolver and threatened to shoot my mother in her own house it is not fire three shots and miss him at a yard and a half I dont think I would use a revolver to shoot a man like him when I was within a yard and a half of him or attempt to fire into a house where my mother brothers and sisters was. and according to Fitzpatricks statement all around him a man that is such a bad shot as to miss a man three times at a yard and a half would never attempt to fire into a house among a house full of women and children while I had a pairs of arms and bunch of fives on the end of them that never failed to peg out anything they came in contact with and Fitzpatrick knew the weight of one of them only too well, as it run against him once in Benalla, and cost me two pound odd as he is very subject to fainting. As soon as I shot Lonigan he jumped up and staggered some distance from the logs with his hands raised and then fell he surrendered but too late I asked McIntyre who was in the tent he replied no one. I advanced and took possession of their two revolvers and fowling-piece which I loaded with bullets instead of shot. I asked McIntyre where his mates was he said they had gone down the creek, and he did not expect them that night he asked me was I going to shoot him and his mates. I told him no. I would shoot no man if he gave up his arms and leave the force he said the police all knew Fitzpatrick had wronged us. and he intended to leave the force, as he had bad health, and his life was insured, he told me he intended going home and that Kennedy and Scanlan were out looking for our camp and also about the other Police he told me the N.S.W Police had shot a man for shooting Sergeant Walling I told him if they did, they had shot the wrong man And I expect your gang came to do the same with me he said no they did not come to shoot me they came to apprehend me I asked him what they carried spenceir rifles and breech loading fowling pieces and so much ammunition for as the Police was only supposed to carry one revolver and 6 cartridges in the revolver but they had eighteen rounds of revolver cartridges each three dozen for the fowling piece and twenty one spenceir-rifle cartridges and God knows how many they had away with the rifle this looked as if they meant not only to shoot me only to riddle me but I dont know either Kennedy Scanlan or him and had nothing against them, he said he would get them to give up their arms if I would not shoot them as I could not blame them, they had to do their duty I said I did not blame them for doing honest duty but I could not suffer them blowing me to pieces in my own native land and they knew Fitzpatrick wronged us and why not make it public and convict him but no they would rather riddle poor unfortunate creoles. but they will rue the day ever Fitzpatrick got among them, Our two mates came over when they heard the shot fired but went back again for fear the Police might come to our camp while we were all away and manure bullock flat with us on our arrival. I stopped at the logs and Dan went back to the spring for fear the tropers would come in that way but I soon heard them coming up the creek. I told McIntyre to tell them to give up their arms, he spoke to Kennedy who was some distance in front of Scanlan he reached for his revolver and jumped off, on the off side of his horse and got behind a tree when I called on them to throw up their arms and Scanlan who carried the rifle slewed his horse around to gallop away but the horse would not go and as quick as thought fired at me with the rifle without unslinging it and was in the act of firing again when I had to shoot him and he fell from his horse. I could have shot them without speaking but their lives was no good to me. McIntyre jumped on Kennedys horse and I allowed him to go as I did not like to shoot him after he surrendered or I would have shot him as he was between me and Kennedy therefore I could not shoot Kennedy without shooting him first. Kennedy kept firing from behind the tree my brother Dan advanced and Kennedy ran I followed him he stopped behind another tree and fired again. I shot him in the arm pit and he dropped his revolver and ran I fired again with the gun as he slewed around to surrender I did not know he had dropped his revolver. the bullet passed through the right side of his chest & he could not live or I would have let him go had they been my own brother I could not help shooting there or else let them shoot me which they would have done had their bullets been directed as they intended them. But as for handcuffing Kennedy to a tree or cutting his ear off or brutally treating any of them, is a falsehood, if Kennedys ear was cut off it was not done by me and none of my mates was near him after he was shot I put his cloak over him and left him as well as I could and were they my own brothers I could not have been more sorry for them this cannot be called wilful murder for I was compelled to shoot them, or lie down and let them shoot me it would not be wilful murder if they packed our remains in, shattered into a mass of animated gore to Mansfield, they would have got great praise and credit as well as promotion but I am reconed a horrid brute because I had not been cowardly enough to lie down for them under such trying circumstances and insults to my people certainly their wives and children are to be pitied but they must remember those men came into the bush with the intention of scattering pieces of me and my brother all over the bush and yet they know and acknowledge I have been wronged and my mother and four or five men lagged innocent and is my brothers and sisters and my mother not to be pitied also who has no alternative only to put up with the brutal and cowardly conduct of a parcel of big ugly fat-necked wombat headed big bellied magpie legged narrow hipped splaw-footed sons of Irish Bailiffs or english landlords which is better known as Officers of Justice or Victorian Police who some calls honest gentlemen but I would like to know what business an honest man would have in the Police as it is an old saying It takes a rogue to catch a rogue and a man that knows nothing about roguery would never enter the force an take an oath to arrest brother sister father or mother if required and to have a case and conviction if possible Any man knows it is possible to swear a lie and if a policeman looses a conviction for the sake of swearing a lie he has broke his oath therefore he is a perjurer either ways. A Policeman is a disgrace to his country, not alone to the mother that suckled him, in the first place he is a rogue in his heart but too cowardly to follow it up without having the force to disguise it. next he is traitor to his country ancestors and religion as they were all catholics before the Saxons and Cranmore yoke held sway since then they were persecuted massacreed thrown into martrydom and tortured beyond the ideas of the present generation What would people say if they saw a strapping big lump of an Irishman shepherding sheep for fifteen bob a week or tailing turkeys in Tallarook ranges for a smile from Julia or even begging his tucker, they would say he ought to be ashamed of himself and tar-and-feather him But he would be a king to a policeman who for a lazy loafing cowardly bilit left the ash corner deserted the shamrock, the emblem of true wit and beauty to serve under a flag and nation that has destroyed massacreed and murdered their forefathers by the greatest of torture as rolling them down hill in spiked barrels pulling their toe and finger nails and on the wheel. and every torture imaginable more was transported to Van Diemand's Land to pine their young lives away in starvation and misery among tyrants worse than the promised hell itself all of true blood bone and beauty, that was not murdered on their own soil, or had fled to America or other countries to bloom again another day, were doomed to Port Mcquarie Toweringabbie norfolk island and Emu plains and in those places of tyrany and condemnation many a blooming Irishman rather than subdue to the Saxon yoke Were flogged to death and bravely died in servile chains but true to the shamrock and a credit to Paddys land What would people say if I became a policeman and took an oath to arrest my brothers and sisters & relations and convict them by fair or foul means after the conviction of my mother and the persecutions and insults offered to myself and people Would they say I was a decent gentleman, and yet a policeman is still in worse and guilty of meaner actions than that The Queen must surely be proud of such herioc men as the Police and Irish soldiers as It takes eight or eleven of the biggest mud crushers in Melbourne to take one poor little half starved larrakin to a watch house. I have seen as many as eleven, big & ugly enough to lift Mount Macedon out of a crab hole more like the species of a baboon or Guerilla than a man. actually come into a court house and swear they could not arrest one eight stone larrakin and them armed with battens and neddies without some civilians assistance and some of them going to the hospital from the affects of hits from the fists of the larrakin and the Magistrate would send the poor little Larrakin into a dungeon for being a better man than such a parcel of armed curs. What would England do if America declared war and hoisted a green flag as its all Irishmen that has got command of her armies forts and batteries even her very life guards and beef tasters are Irish would they not slew around and fight her with their own arms for the sake of the colour they dare not wear for years. and to reinstate it and rise old Erins isle once more, from the pressure and tyrannism of the English yoke, which has kept it in poverty and starvation, and caused them to wear the enemys coats. What else can England expect. Is there not big fat-necked Unicorns enough paid to torment and drive me to do thing which I dont wish to do, without the public assisting them I have never interefered with any person unless they deserved it, and yet there are civilians who take firearms against me, for what reason I do not know, unless they want me to turn on them and exterminate them without medicine. I shall be compelled to make an example of some of them if they cannot find no other employment If I had robbed and plundered ravished and murdered everything I met young and old rich and poor. the public could not do any more than take firearms and Assisting the police as they have done, but by the light that shines pegged on an ant-bed with their bellies opened their fat taken out rendered and poured down their throat boiling hot will be fool to what pleasure I will give some of them and any person aiding or harbouring or assisting the Police in any way whatever or employing any person whom they know to be a detective or cad or those who would be so deprived as to take blood money will be outlawed and declared unfit to be allowed human buriel their property either consumed or confiscated and them theirs and all belonging to them exterminated off the face of the earth, the enemy I cannot catch myself I shall give a payable reward for, I would like to know who put that article that reminds me of a poodle dog half clipped in the lion fashion, called Brooke E. Smith Superintendent of Police he knows as much about commanding Police as Captain Standish does about mustering mosquitoes and boiling them down for their fat on the back blocks of the Lachlan for he has a head like a turnip a stiff neck as big as his shoulders narrow hipped and pointed towards the feet like a vine stake and if there is any one to be called a murderer regarding Kennedy, Scanlan and Lonigan it is that misplaced poodle he gets as much pay as a dozen good troopers, if there is any good in them, and what does he do for it he cannot look behind him without turning his whole frame it takes three or four police to keep sentry while he sleeps in Wangaratta, for fear of body snatchers do they think he is a superior animal to the men that has to guard him if so why not send the men that gets big pay and reconed superior to the common police after me and you shall soon save the country of high salaries to men that is fit for nothing else but getting better men than him self shot and sending orphan children to the industrial school to make prostitutes and cads of them for the Detectives and other evil disposed persons Send the high paid and men that received big salaries for years in a gang by themselves after me, As it makes no difference to them but it will give them a chance of showing whether they are worth more pay than a common trooper or not and I think the Public will soon find they are only in the road of good men and obtaining money under false pretences, I do not call McIntyre a coward for I reckon he is as game a man as wears the jacket as he had the presence of mind to know his position, directly as he was spoken to, and only foolishness to disobey, it was cowardice that made Lonigan and the others fight it is only foolhardiness to disobey an outlaw as any Policeman or other man who do not throw up their arms directly as I call on them knows the consequence which is a speedy dispatch to Kingdom Come, I wish those men who joined the stock protection society to withdraw their money and give it and as much more to the widows and orphans and poor of Greta district wher I spent and will again spend many a happy day fearless free and bold as it only aids the police to procure false witnesses and go whacks with men to steal horses and lag innocent men it would suit them far better to subscribe a sum and give it to the poor of their district and there is no fear of anyone stealing their property for no man could steal their horses without the knowledge of the poor if any man was mean enough to steal their property the poor would rise out to a man and find them if they were on the face of the earth it will always pay a rich man to be liberal with the poor and make as little enemies as he can as he shall find if the poor is on his side he shall loose nothing by it, If they depend in the police they shall be drove to destruction, As they can not and will not protect them if duffing and bushranging were abolished the police would have to cadge for their living I speak from experience as I have sold horses and cattle innumerable and yet eight head of the culls is all ever was found I never was interfered with whilst I kept up this successful trade. I give fair warning to all those who has reason to fear me to sell out and give £10 out of every hundred towards the widow and orphan fund and do not attempt to reside in Victoria but as short a time as possible after reading this notice, neglect this and abide by the consequences, which shall be worse than the rust in the wheat in Victoria or the druth of a dry season to the grasshoppers in New South Wales I do not wish to give the order full force without giving timely warning. but I am a widows son outlawed and my orders must be obeyed.

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Are you sure? In the Jerilderie Letter, Ned Kelly explained
how and why he became an outlaw. Mr
Living was probably the first person outside
Kelly's gang to read this letter. Do you want to
include any of his statements?
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The rabble of the
territory are treated
as heroes, but all they
are and ever have
been are common
horse thieves.
Wealthy landowner
[Fictional character]
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The paintings of Bushrangers at Bay and View upon the Napean [ie
Nepean] River, at the Cow Pastures, New South Wales and the
photograph of ‘Homestead at Seven Creeks Station, near Longwood’ by
Charles Nettleton have been reproduced by kind permission of
the Pictures Collection, State Library of Victoria.

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During the mid- to late-1800s, there was an undeclared land war between the wealthy squatters (large-scale sheep farmers) and poor selectors (small landholders).

Because most squatters' properties were very large, it was difficult to fence them. So it was easy for the small selectors to take advantage of the situation, taking the squatters' cattle, sheep and horses and claiming the stock as their own.

Some of the poor, small landholders claimed that breaking the law was justified because the squatters' huge properties (such as the one shown above) took up the best land. They argued that money and influence allowed the squatters to choose the best areas for themselves and leave the more difficult, less fertile areas for others.

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Are you sure? Pat Meehan was a victim of Ned Kelly's illegal
activities. He didn't think very much of Ned.
Do you want to include any of his
statements?
Yes No axc
Ned Kelly was a
coward and a
murderer. He got
what he deserved.
M INTYRE C
Witness to shootout with police
troopers at Stringy Bark Creek
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The wood engraving of Murderous Attack on Victorian Police by Kelly
and His Gang and the photograph of Constable Thomas Lonigan, have
been reproduced by kind permission of the Pictures Collection, State
Library of Victoria.

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Users should be aware that the text in the speech bubbles and
interviews for Mr Living, Constable McIntyre and James Kelly are not a
record of their actual words.

These texts are based on historical sources and are presented as an
interpretation of the attitudes and opinions of the historical figures.

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On the run from the law, the Kelly Gang had fled to the bush. The police sent out a search party to arrest Ned Kelly for a previous shooting incident. They set up camp near Stringy Bark Creek, in Victoria, where the gang accidentally came across them. Three policemen were killed in the resulting shootout.

Constable Thomas Lonigan was one of the troopers shot by the Kelly Gang at Stringy Bark Creek.

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Are you sure? Constable McIntyre was an eyewitness to the
murders at Stringy Bark Creek. Ned Kelly was
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