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Indonesian / Year 9 and 10 / Understanding / Systems of language
Version 8
Curriculum content descriptions
Develop knowledge of vocabulary and structure to extend meanings, such as complex verbs, affixation, a range of cohesive devices and object-focus construction
[Key concept: grammatical systems; Key processes: experimenting, applying]
(ACLINU115)
Elaborations
- identifying people by pronouns or titles, for example, Kepala Sekolah, si (diminutive) and nicknames
- describing the qualities of people using adjectives of character, for example, murah hati, bertanggung-jawab
- indicating possibility, for example, mungkin, mudah-mudahan, semoga
- specifying what is being referred to, for example, yang ini, yang itu
- understanding embedded clauses using yang, for example, Saya belum berkenalan dengan murid yang baru datang dari Australia
- indicating equivalence using adalah
- indicating action using transitive verbs, me- verb system (-kan or -i suffix) and their object-focus di- forms
- showing lack of purpose, for example, jalan-jalan, duduk-duduk, melihat-lihat
- relating people and position using prepositions, for example, kepada
- comparing things using comparatives and superlatives, for example, ter-, makin lama…, makin + adjective
- seeking information using interrogatives and question forms, for example, mengapa, bagaimana, yang mana, untuk apa/siapa, dengan apa/siapa
- requesting that others do something for own benefit (minta, harap, mohon, tolong); for others’ benefit (silakan)
- excusing and apologising, for example, permisi dulu, minta maaf, maafkan saya
- giving advice with suffix -lah, for example, beristirahatlah, tunggulah, nasehat saya, sebaiknya, seharusnya, jangan
- showing empathy and well-wishing, for example, kasihan, harap cepat sembuh, semoga sukses
- giving opinion, for example, saya berpendapat bahwa, saya percaya
- contrasting two ideas using conjunctions, for example, namun, namun demikian, walaupun begitu, meskipun
- referring to abstract ideas using affixation and nominalisation, for example, belajar/pelajar/pelajaran, kerja/mengerjakan/pekerjaan, sakit/penyakit/kesakitan
- referring to events and time using frequency markers (for example, sering kali, sekali-sekali, belum pernah, hampir tidak pernah) and time indicators, for example, tadi malam, nanti, nanti sore, sekarang, pada masa depan, yang akan datang, waktu liburan yang lalu
- referring back to something specific using tersebut
General capabilities
ScOT terms
Compound words, Cohesion (Language), Affixes, Indonesian language, Transitivity (Grammar), Objects (Grammar)