History 7-10 / Year 7 / Knowledge and understanding / Deep time history of Australia

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Curriculum content descriptions

how First Nations Australians are the world’s oldest continuing cultures, displaying evidence of both continuity and change over deep time (AC9HH7K03)

Elaborations
  • investigating dating methods used by archaeologists for the study of early First Nations Australians; for example, the use of the “Before Present” (BP) dating system
  • exploring how we know about continuities and changes in First Nations Australians’ cultures; for example, the archaeological research showing evidence of occupation and the lives of First Nations Australians during the Pleistocene epoch at sites such as Lake Mungo and Kutikina Cave
  • exploring evidence of continuities and changes in the ancient period at specific sites; for example, dating the creation of pictographs and the carving of petroglyphs at sites such as the Dampier Archipelago, Grampians National Park, Kakadu National Park, Koonalda Cave, Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Preminghana, and the West Kimberley
  • exploring evidence of continuing culture that was evident in the ancient period, such as the use of ochre
  • examining First Nations Australians’ views on creation and changes in the landscape that have been passed down through oral tradition, such as the existence of megafauna, changes from wetter to drier climates and changes in vegetation in central Australia
General capabilities
  • Intercultural understanding Intercultural Understanding
Cross-curriculum priorities
ScOT terms

Arts,  Archives,  Archaeologists,  Pottery,  Historians,  Icons (Symbols),  Writing materials

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Interactive

The Orb

  • TLF-IDM024954

The Orb is a collection of multimedia learning resources about Tasmanian Aboriginal histories and cultures. It explores the interconnections between people, Country, culture, identity, and the living community. The multimedia resources have between three and five sections in which Tasmanian Aboriginal people share their ...

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Text

Indigenous Science: shell middens and fish traps

  • TLF-IDM013029

This is an article about Aboriginal shell middens along the Queensland coast and the information they provide about Aboriginal food collection practices. Written by Kudjala/Kalkadoon Elder from Queensland Letitia Murgha and intended mainly for teachers, it describes how shell middens were created over thousands of years ...

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Online

Yulunga: kamai

  • TLF-IDM006576

Using a length of twine, adult women and young children of both genders often amused themselves for hours at a time with cat’s cradle (string-figure games). These were played almost everywhere throughout Australia and also in the Torres Strait. In some areas older boys and adult men also played these games. Elaborate figures ...

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Image

'Panorama of Challicum, No. IV', c1850

  • TLF-IDR3258

This is a watercolour measuring 15.9 cm x 24.3 cm showing yellowed pasture backed by gum trees. A herd of cows with calves is grazing both in the foreground fields and the background timber. A small hill, part of the Challicum Hills, rises from the trees on the right. The artist, Duncan Cooper, included this painting as ...

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Image

'Woolshed, Challicum, 1845'

  • TLF-IDR3266

This is a watercolour measuring 15 cm x 24.4 cm showing the south-eastern sides of a slab and bark woolshed (shearing shed) in 1845. Two men are standing either side of a gate counting out shorn sheep from wooden yards. A large wooden lever and windlass are clearly detailed on the side of the woolshed. A rutted wagon track ...

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Image

'Panorama of Challicum, No. IX', c1850

  • TLF-IDR3263

This is a watercolour measuring 15.7 cm x 24.3 cm showing the vast yellow-and-green Challicum plains. In the distance a flock of sheep, watched by a shepherd and dog, is moving into temporary wooden yards. Among gum trees, to the right of the yard, is the homestead. The artist, Duncan Cooper, included this painting as the ...

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Image

'Sheep station on the plains, Challicum, 1843'

  • TLF-IDR3307

This is a watercolour by Duncan Cooper that shows a sheep out-station on the plains at Challicum, a sheep run west of Ballarat in western Victoria. A slab hut is depicted in the foreground, while in the distance is a shepherd with his dog and flock. The shepherd's watchbox and the hurdles (portable fences) used to contain ...

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Image

Second hut at Challicum, summer view, 1845

  • TLF-IDR3310

This is a watercolour by Duncan Cooper that shows the second hut built at Challicum, a sheep run west of Ballarat in western Victoria established by Cooper and George and Harry Thomson. In the foreground is a man on horseback, who may be Harry Thomson, followed by two dogs, crossing a grassy plain. Almost directly behind ...

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Image

'Meeting of Major Mitchell and Edward Henty, Portland Bay, 1836'

  • TLF-IDR3581

This is a photo-engraving, approximately 52.5 cm x 69.0 cm in size, depicting two men in front of a farm greeting a party of visitors. It shows Edward Henty shaking the hand of Major Thomas Mitchell, who is on horseback. They are watched by a man standing on the left-hand side and by four members of Mitchell's party on ...

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Image

Indigenous Australians defending their land, c1817

  • TLF-IDR4024

This is a 17.7 cm x 27.9 cm watercolour showing about 40 Indigenous Australian people attacking a rowboat carrying five colonists. Most of the warriors are on a steep, rocky headland and those close to the water have spears raised. Two appear to be picking up stones while those further up the cliff watch on. About ten Indigenous ...

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Image

'Panorama of Challicum, No. VII', c1850

  • TLF-IDR3261

This is a watercolour measuring 15.7 cm x 24.4 cm, showing a mounted man herding a small group of cows past scattered native bush and trees, beneath the backdrop of the Mount Cole ranges. The artist, Duncan Cooper, included this painting as the fifteenth watercolour in his field sketchbook and inscribed the title 'Panorama ...

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Image

Third hut at Challicum, 1845

  • TLF-IDR3311

This is a watercolour by Duncan Cooper that depicts the third hut built at Challicum, a sheep run west of Ballarat in western Victoria. It shows a weatherboard hut or cottage with an established garden surrounded by a palisade (paling fence). A wooden bridge, which spans a creek, joins a pathway that leads to the front ...

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Image

'Panorama of Challicum, No. V', c1850

  • TLF-IDR3259

This is a watercolour measuring 16.6 cm x 25.7 cm showing a mounted man, possibly the squatter Harry Thomson. Two dogs run behind him as he rides along a meandering trail left by wagon wheels. Forests stretch away behind and native gums dot the Challicum Hills which rise out of the forest treetops. The artist, Duncan Cooper, ...

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Image

Thor 'Automagic' washing machine, 1940s-50s

  • TLF-IDR6380

This is an automatic electric washing machine produced in the 1940s or 1950s by US manufacturer Thor, called the 'Automagic'. The machine has a rectangular, box-like shape with rounded edges, a white enamel coating and a green lid. It measures 95 cm x 62 cm x 62 cm.

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Image

'Southern Sun' above Sydney Harbour Bridge, 1931

  • TLF-IDR3164

This is a gelatin silver-toned composite photograph measuring 32 cm x 25.5 cm, created by E.W. Searle. The Avro-10 Southern Sun plane piloted by Charles Ulm celebrated the arrival in Sydney of aviatrix Amy Johnson, the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia. Amy Johnson had crash landed in Brisbane and was flown ...

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Image

Portrait of Robert Long, South Sea Island Mission, Nambour, 1906

  • TLF-IDR8173

This posed black-and-white photograph is a head-and-shoulders portrait of Robert Long, a leader of the South Sea Island Mission at Nambour in Queensland. Long is shown resting his arms on an unseen surface at chest height and holding what appears to be a Bible. The photograph is in an oval frame and is one of a series of ...

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Image

'Poultry house, Challicum', 1851

  • TLF-IDR3304

This is a watercolour by Duncan Cooper that depicts the poultry house at Challicum, a sheep run west of Ballarat in western Victoria. Two of the Djapwurrong people (the Indigenous inhabitants of this region) are shown sitting by a smoking fire next to a temporary bark shelter. Various chickens are also shown pecking in ...

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Image

Wool sorting at Gilgandra, 1936

  • TLF-IDR3003

This is a black-and-white photograph, measuring 21.3 cm x 16.2 cm, of four men skirting fleeces and classing wool at Berida Station near Gilgandra in New South Wales. They are using two long tables in a large shearing shed. The station manager's daughter, a shearing contractor and two shed hands are looking on. In the background ...

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Image

'Vaccination Day in Port Mackay!', 1877

  • TLF-IDR9199

This black-and-white pen-and-ink sketch depicts vaccinations against smallpox in Mackay, Queensland, in 1877. In the sketch the local public health officer, who appears to be shouting, wields a large knife and is about to vaccinate a fearful child on his lap. The child's mother holds the child's arm while it screams. A ...

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Image

'Panorama of Challicum, No. I', c1850

  • TLF-IDR3255

This is a watercolour measuring 15.8 cm x 24.4 cm showing gently undulating grassland and narrow bands of trees. A group of cows is being herded by a mounted man to a lower area behind a hill, possibly towards a small group of huts that can be glimpsed in the middle ground. The artist, Duncan Cooper, included this painting ...

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