Mathematics / Year 9 / Probability

Curriculum content descriptions

list all outcomes for compound events both with and without replacement, using lists, tree diagrams, tables or arrays; assign probabilities to outcomes (AC9M9P01)

Elaborations
  • discussing two-step chance experiments, such as the game of Heads and Tails, describing the different outcomes and their related probabilities
  • using systematic methods such as lists or arrays to record outcomes and assign probabilities, such as drawing the names of students from a bag to appoint \(2\) team leaders
  • using a tree diagram to represent a three-stage event and assigning probabilities to these events; for example, selecting \(3\) cards from a deck, assigning the probability of drawing an ace, then a king, then a queen of the same suit, with and without replacing the cards after every draw
  • assigning probabilities to compound events involving the random selection of people from a given population; for example, selecting \(2\) names at random from all of the students at a high school and assigning the probability that they are both in Year 9
General capabilities
  • Numeracy Numeracy
ScOT terms

Independence (Experiments),  Two-way tables,  Expected frequency,  Compound events (Probability),  Tree diagrams

Downloadable

Lucky lottery

In this lesson, students play a simple lottery game, analyse their odds of winning and how this influences the decisions they made. Students determine the differences between experimental and mathematical probability, conduct a simulation modelling an event and critically evaluate the odds of winning the lottery. The lesson ...

Downloadable

Counter-intuitive probability

This lesson is designed to demonstrate the ways in which random chance can be counter-intuitive. Students will explore how assumptions made in probability can be risky and investigate how to perform precise calculations to answer probability questions. The lesson is outlined in detail including NSW curriculum links, learning ...

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Assessment task: Non-transitive dice

This assessment includes a number of questions to enable students to demonstrate their understanding and learning in probability. Students will be asked to explore the outcomes of a set of non-transitive dice using probability tree diagrams, and discover their unique features. The assessment task is outlined in detail including ...

Downloadable

Back to the books

In this lesson, students will explore how bookmakers set odds, and how these odds are carefully determined in order to guarantee the bookmaker the best chance of making a profit. Students learn how to convert between odds and probabilities and calculate the expected profit or loss based on odds. The lesson is outlined in ...

Online

Possible outcomes: Year 9 – planning tool

This planning resource for Year 9 is for the topic of Possible outcomes. Students are familiar with the language and concepts behind probability and possible outcomes. From here students focus their learning on using systematic approaches for various types of compound events before assigning probabilities to more complicated ...

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Loot boxes

In this lesson, students will create their own video game concept, complete with a loot box system. They will then calculate the probability of obtaining all unique items to form a complete set, considering the challenges this random system entails and how the gambling system inherent could lead to unexpected losses. The ...

Downloadable

Assessment task: Chuck-a-Luck

This assessment includes a number of questions to enable students to demonstrate their understanding and learning in probability. Students will be asked to investigate an old gambling game known as Chuck-a-Luck. They will calculate the probabilities of each betting option and their expected values. The assessment task is ...

Video

Catalyst: Magical maths

At first glance, maths and magic might not appear to have much in common, but did you know that you can use maths and logic to come up with solutions to problems that can seem magical? Learn one such maths trick in this video from ABC Catalyst. What is the probability of the letter not being 'e'?

Online

Sustainable agriculture: agri-environmental indicators

This is a web resource that provides a database of agri-environmental indicators for environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries between 1990 and 2008. The data table can be customised, with options to view by country or by theme: land, energy, air, nutrients, soil, biodiversity, pesticides, water, farm management ...

Online

ReSolve: Hot Streaks

This sequence of two lessons students investigate streaks in statistical data. They develop tests for randomness in order to distinguish between random and non-random results and use their understanding of randomness to investigate the existence or otherwise of the 'hot streak' phenomenon in basketball. Each lesson is outlined ...

Video

Big data, better hospitals

Overcrowding in hospitals is one of the biggest challenges facing our healthcare system . In order to reduce hospital waiting times, the Patient Admission Prediction Tool (PAPT) uses historical data to predict how many patients, and with what kinds of injuries, are expected to arrive at the emergency department each day ...

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Thumb wrestling tournament

In this introductory activity students use a simple thumb-wrestling tournament to analyse a series of matches in which there can only be one victor. Students work in small groups to explore different ways of mapping out the events of a tournament, introducing the concept of constructing sample spaces and tree diagrams as ...

Online

TIMES Module 14: Statistics and Probability: chance, year 9 - teacher guide

This is a 19-page guide for teachers. This module continues the development of probability. A careful consideration of outcomes and equally likely outcomes is undertaken. In year 9, students consider situations involving two stages or two variables, including the special case of what are sometimes called two-step chance ...

Online

TIMES Module 36: Number and Algebra: formulas - teacher guide

This is a 13-page guide for teachers. It introduces the use of formulas, and includes substitution and the solution of the resulting equations.

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Conduct chance experiments: Year 9 – planning tool

This planning resource for Year 9 is for the topic of Conduct chance experiments. Students draw on what they have learnt about probabilities related to compound events and apply this knowledge in a variety of experiments. The use of digital tools and simulations allow for repeated practice of compound events and help to ...

Online

Algorithms: Year 9 – planning tool

This planning resource for Year 9 is for the topic of Algorithms. Students draw upon their knowledge of congruency, transformations and ratios of right-angled triangles and apply creativity, critical thinking and reasoning skills to a sequenced geometric problem. For example, students may design a flow chart to prove the ...

Online

Probability calculations: Year 9 – planning tool

This planning resource for Year 9 is for the topic of Probability calculations. Students build on their knowledge of probability, Venn diagrams, two-way tables and the terms ‘and’ and ‘or’ (inclusive or exclusive) in relation to events whereby relative frequencies may be calculated.

Downloadable

Poker machines (simulation)

This lesson explores how poker machines work and what is meant by the term Return to Player (RTP) percentage. Students run simulations to determine how small betting amounts can lead to a large cumulative loss over time and examine how reinvesting profits or wins from playing the poker machine back into the machine has ...